These essential MCQ questions are selected from the most important topics in NEET UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) 2026 for medical and dental college admissions. Sections include Botany (Plant Biology), Zoology (Animal Biology), Cell Biology, Genetics and Evolution, Ecology and Human Physiology as per NCERT Class 11 and 12 syllabus. For truely unlimited daily MCQ practice, visit Vooo AI Education.
🧬 NEET Biology
1The cell theory was proposed by:
Answer: B — Schleiden and Schwann
Cell theory was proposed by Matthias Schleiden (1838, for plants) and Theodor Schwann (1839, for animals). The theory states: (1) All living organisms are made of cells; (2) The cell is the basic unit of life. Rudolf Virchow later added the third principle: (3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula e cellula).
Cell theory was proposed by Matthias Schleiden (1838, for plants) and Theodor Schwann (1839, for animals). The theory states: (1) All living organisms are made of cells; (2) The cell is the basic unit of life. Rudolf Virchow later added the third principle: (3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula e cellula).
2The site of ATP synthesis during cellular respiration is:
Answer: C — Inner mitochondrial membrane
ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane via ATP synthase (Complex V). The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the inner membrane; protons flow back through ATP synthase, driving ATP synthesis. This is called chemiosmosis, proposed by Peter Mitchell (Nobel Prize 1978).
ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane via ATP synthase (Complex V). The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the inner membrane; protons flow back through ATP synthase, driving ATP synthesis. This is called chemiosmosis, proposed by Peter Mitchell (Nobel Prize 1978).
3Which of the following is not a connective tissue?
Answer: D — Skin epithelium
Connective tissues include blood, bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, areolar tissue and lymph. Epithelial tissue (skin, gut lining) is NOT connective tissue — it covers body surfaces and lines cavities. The four basic tissue types in animals are: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues.
Connective tissues include blood, bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, areolar tissue and lymph. Epithelial tissue (skin, gut lining) is NOT connective tissue — it covers body surfaces and lines cavities. The four basic tissue types in animals are: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues.
4DNA replication is called semi-conservative because:
Answer: A — New DNA has one old and one new strand
Semi-conservative replication (proven by Meselson and Stahl, 1958) means each new DNA double helix consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesised strand. The two strands of the parent DNA separate, and each serves as a template for a new complementary strand.
Semi-conservative replication (proven by Meselson and Stahl, 1958) means each new DNA double helix consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesised strand. The two strands of the parent DNA separate, and each serves as a template for a new complementary strand.
5Pollination by wind is called:
Answer: C — Anemophily
Anemophily is pollination by wind. Wind-pollinated flowers (e.g., grasses, maize) produce light, smooth, non-sticky pollen in large quantities. Entomophily = by insects, Ornithophily = by birds, Hydrophily = by water, Zoophily = by animals. Most flowering plants are insect-pollinated.
Anemophily is pollination by wind. Wind-pollinated flowers (e.g., grasses, maize) produce light, smooth, non-sticky pollen in large quantities. Entomophily = by insects, Ornithophily = by birds, Hydrophily = by water, Zoophily = by animals. Most flowering plants are insect-pollinated.
6The genetic material in most viruses is:
Answer: C — DNA or RNA, not both
Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, but never both simultaneously. DNA viruses: Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus. RNA viruses: HIV, Influenza, Coronavirus, Poliovirus. This contrasts with cells, which always have both DNA and RNA. Viroids contain only RNA; prions contain only protein.
Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, but never both simultaneously. DNA viruses: Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus. RNA viruses: HIV, Influenza, Coronavirus, Poliovirus. This contrasts with cells, which always have both DNA and RNA. Viroids contain only RNA; prions contain only protein.
7Which hormone is called the emergency hormone?
Answer: C — Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Adrenaline (epinephrine), secreted by the adrenal medulla, is called the emergency hormone or "fight or flight" hormone. It is released rapidly in response to stress, fear or exercise. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose and prepares the body for immediate action. It is also used medically for anaphylaxis.
Adrenaline (epinephrine), secreted by the adrenal medulla, is called the emergency hormone or "fight or flight" hormone. It is released rapidly in response to stress, fear or exercise. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose and prepares the body for immediate action. It is also used medically for anaphylaxis.
8The process of formation of gametes is called:
Answer: C — Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is the process of formation of gametes (sex cells — sperm and eggs) through meiosis. Spermatogenesis produces sperm in the testes; oogenesis produces eggs in the ovaries. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half (haploid gametes), so that fertilisation restores the diploid number.
Gametogenesis is the process of formation of gametes (sex cells — sperm and eggs) through meiosis. Spermatogenesis produces sperm in the testes; oogenesis produces eggs in the ovaries. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half (haploid gametes), so that fertilisation restores the diploid number.
9Which part of the human brain regulates body temperature?
Answer: C — Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is the body's thermostat, regulating temperature by controlling sweating, shivering and blood vessel dilation. It also controls hunger, thirst, sleep, emotions and the pituitary gland (master gland). It links the nervous system to the endocrine system through the pituitary gland.
The hypothalamus is the body's thermostat, regulating temperature by controlling sweating, shivering and blood vessel dilation. It also controls hunger, thirst, sleep, emotions and the pituitary gland (master gland). It links the nervous system to the endocrine system through the pituitary gland.
10Biodiversity hotspots in India include:
Answer: C — Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas
India has four biodiversity hotspots: Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Eastern Himalayas (Indo-Burma), Sundaland, and Western Ghats. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with exceptional concentrations of endemic species that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat. Globally there are 36 biodiversity hotspots.
India has four biodiversity hotspots: Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Eastern Himalayas (Indo-Burma), Sundaland, and Western Ghats. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with exceptional concentrations of endemic species that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat. Globally there are 36 biodiversity hotspots.
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